In this book, the author thoroughly examines the basic mechanical and thermal effects of rotation. The author is an internationally recognized researcher, and the book offers the first comprehensive pedagogically written treatment for researchers and students. Stellar Equilibrium With and Without Rotation.- The Mechanical Equilibrium of Stars.- The Mechanical Equilibrium of Rotating Stars.- The Energetic Equilibrium of Stars.- The Energy Conservation and Radiative Equilibrium in Rotating Stars.- Stellar Convection.- Overshoot, Semiconvection, Thermohaline Convection, Rotation and Solberg-Hoiland Criterion.- Physical Properties of Stellar Matter.- The Equation of State.- The Opacities.- Nuclear Reactions and Neutrino Processes.- Hydrodynamical Instabilities and Transport Processes.- Transport Processes: Diffusion and Advection.- Meridional Circulation.- Rotation-Driven Instabilities.- Magnetic Field Instabilities and Transport Processes.- Physics of Mass Loss by Stellar Winds.- Acoustic and Gravity Waves. Helio- and Asteroseismology.- Radial Pulsations of Stars.- Nonradial Stellar Oscillations.- Transport by Gravity Waves.- Star Formation.- Pre-stellar Phase.- The Protostellar Phase and Accretion Disks.- The Pre-main Sequence Phase and the Birthlines.- Rotation in Star Formation.- The Formation of Massive Stars.- The Formation of First Stars in the Universe: Pop. III and Pop. II.5 Stars.- Main-Sequence and Post-MS Evolution.- Solutions of the Equations and Simple Models.- Evolution in the H-Burning Phases.- Evolution in the He Burning and AGB Phases of Low and Intermediate Mass Stars with Rotation.- Massive Star Evolution with Mass Loss and Rotation.- Advanced Evolutionary Stages and Pre-supernovae.- Evolution of Z = 0 and Very Low Z Stars.