This reprint includes a total of 10 articles aiming to provide recent or overall study results to investigate the effects of dioxins on human health, focusing on children and adults exposed to historical and/or present pollution in Vietnam. In particular, epidemiological studies of Vietnamese children living in hot spots of dioxin contamination were performed after more than 40 years since the Vietnam War ended, but significantly, high exposure levels and health effects were still significant in all articles. In addition, the research methods of these articles are innovative and use advanced technologies such as MRI imaging analysis and eye-tracking. Another original article is a study showing the usefulness of coupling environmental whole-mixture toxicity screening with unbiased RNA-seq using biological responses in Danio rerio (zebrafish) in contaminated aquatic environments. Although there are very few publications that show the study results to investigate cancer incidence in the Vietnamese population, this reprint includes a review on whether there is a relationship between dioxin exposure and cancer incidence in the hotspot regions of Vietnam. Another review shows the effects of dioxins on teeth, which was suggested before 2000, but the first report indicating poorer enamel formation in Vietnamese population was published in the last 5 years. We hope this reprint will give readers a chance to find research interests related to dioxin toxicity which were discovered some decades ago, but remained to be clarified in the future.