Facial approximation is the scientific approach developed to replace the largely invalidated methods of 'forensic facial reconstruction'. This Lab Manual has formed the basis of forensic science and visual art courses at universities and colleges around the world, and is designed so that anyone, be they students, teachers, professionals or the general public, can directly experience the fascinating interdisciplinary field of estimating a face from the skull. But be warned - by actively learning about the anatomical and anthropological science underpinning a facial approximation, you will never look at a human face in quite the same way again.
